b'HEALING AND JUSTICEapply Gladue principles, regardless of whichWhen it comes to modern times, addsof gender and how circumstances might be court the accused appears in. In a nutshell,Bolton, Indigenous womens voices arentdifferent to Indigenous women before the Gladue is making a judge aware of what thebeing heard in the justice system. Its a one- court, notes Bolton.impact of colonialism looks like, explainssided narrative. There are systemic issues, Jennifer Bolton, who works with ONWA asand Indigenous women dont have a voiceOverall, ONWAs Gladue Program recog-a researcher, but has extensive experiencein the processto say whats not working,nizes the incredible strength and resiliency of working in the criminal justice system. where theyre getting lost and not gettingIndigenous women, providing support and access to justice. services to ensure their voices are heard in the Specific to ONWAs Gladue Program forjustice process. Gladue creates a safe space Indigenous women, Bolton says that itsfor women to tell their stories by asking how helping people to understand the why forFILLING A GAP the system can approach Indigenous women Indigenous women in the system. It is direc- When it comes to a Gladue Program thatwho are in conflict with the law in a trauma-tion from the Supreme Court to the judiciaryis specific to Indigenous women, ONWAinformed way, to help them find the best to take into account the states role in thewanted to fill a gap. It was beneficial to bepath forward. ONWA is there to advocate, overrepresentation of Indigenous peoples inspecific to Indigenous women, to meet theirnotes Bolton. They hear the voices of the the justice system because of colonization,needs and take into consideration all aspectscommunity and they act on it.how colonialism plays a part in bringing more Indigenous peoples into custody, into prison, and staying there, notes Bolton. Within Canadas criminal justice system, Bolton says that Indigenous peoples are more likely to serve a full sentence and less likely to make bail, calling it a huge net. One of the reasons for this is constant surveillance. Indigenous people are under a different amount of state surveillance than the general population, she explains. If you are under constant surveillance then youre more likely to be over-charged. There is a long history of over-surveillance by the state going back to displacing Indigenous people from their lands and placing them onto reserves, thereby determining where we belong. Social control over Indigenous bodies and spaces has been a consistent government goal as part of coloni-alism and patriarchy. According to a recent report from Canadas correctional investigator, Indigenous women account for nearly half of the female inmate population in federally run prisons. Thirty-two per cent of the federal prison population is made up of Indigenous peoples, despite being less than five per cent of the Canadian popula-tion. Indigenous women account for 48 per cent of the population in womens prisons. ONWA has been writing Gladue Reports at the sentencing of Indigenous women since 2018, recognizing that disproportionate incarceration rates begin well before sentencing, often at the denial of bail.Indigenous women have been especially affected by gender norms imposed by coloni-alism. Indigenous women, notes Bolton, were thought to be a threat to Victorian morality, and laws were even passed in the late 1800s that reflect that attitude. Colonial interests sought to prevent intimate relationships between European and Indigenous peoples by presenting Indigenous women as a threat. All of these different things have a long, long history of the state interfering with the lives of Indigenous women, and this overrepresentation in the system gets created, explains Bolton.Ontario Native Womens Association33'