Issue 1 2026 – Chiefs of Ontario Advocate magazine  l   21
But when that person never arrived, 
“I started to realize, ‘Well, we’re going 
to have to do it ourselves, with what we 
have,’” she shares. 
The community drew on Elders, 
fluent speakers and Dr. Kevin 
Brousseau, a Cree physician, linguist 
and lexicographer from Waswanipi in 
Quebec. “We started working on the 
dictionary project in 2012,” Govender 
says. The first edition contained 
approximately 6,000 words; the latest 
contains approximately 34,000. 
But even that cannot capture Moose 
Cree’s complexity. “You can express a 
whole, complete sentence in one word 
in our language,” Govender says. “It’s 
a very descriptive language.” Moose 
Cree is polysynthetic, allowing speakers 
to combine morphemes into highly 
descriptive words. While a similar 
thought can be communicated another 
way, “you can still describe it and 
communicate the meaning, but it’s not 
the same,” Govender says.
For fluent speakers, the language 
comes naturally. With fewer first-
language speakers, however, Moose 
Cree must now be taught more 
deliberately. “The fluent speaker is just 
going to speak, and they don’t think 
about grammar. They just use the right 
tense; they use the right everything. 
They don’t think about it,” Govender 
says. “Now, because we have so few 
speakers, we’re going to have to teach 
learners the way you teach a second 
language, including the grammar.”
The online version of the dictionary 
includes audio and automatic verb 
conjugation. The team also launched a 
language-learning platform and hopes 
to create 240 modules. “If we have our 
language stored digitally or on paper, 
those will be valuable learning tools that 
can help future learners,” Govender notes.
Still, technology cannot revitalize a 
language alone. “It takes a combination 
of all the language-learning tools, along 
with actual face-to-face practice  
with people.” 
Govender wants stronger immersion 
and more than the half-hour lessons 
some children receive. “Half an hour of 
instruction is not enough,” she says. “The 
kids are not really learning Cree. […] I’ve 
been told that you can study Cree all the 
way through university, but with the way 
it’s being taught, you still won’t be able to 
speak it, even after you graduate.
“Our language should be the language 
we use every day, including in the way we 
conduct business. That would be ideal.”
That ideal requires sustained, 
community-directed funding. “I think 
ongoing support, rather than only short-
term project funding, would be really 
helpful,” Govender says, emphasizing that 
communities must set the direction. “Let 
communities decide how they want to 
do the work, rather than making them fit 
within government templates. It should 
really go into the communities.”
Govender may be preparing to step 
away from the daily administration of the 
language program, but not from the work 
itself. She sees the future of revitalization 
in young people like her grandson, who 
labelled household objects with Post-
it notes, visited fluent speakers in the 
evenings to practice conversation and 
eventually completed a master’s thesis 
entirely in Ojibwe. “Can you imagine?” 
she says. “So, it’s possible! When I see 
young people like that, I have hope that 
we can bring our language back.”
When asked about favourite 
expressions, she offers tâni piko, an idiom 
meaning “I don’t know.” “In my case, it 
would be like, ‘I don’t know. Only the 
shadow knows,’” she explains. Then there 
is wenipan, which the dictionary defines 
as referring to someone or something 
expected but absent or late. “They’re 
expecting somebody, and that person 
never showed up, and they just say, 
‘wenipan.’ It’s like saying, ‘They’re not 
even there. Do they even exist?’”
That playful precision reminds 
Govender of her mother. “My mom was 
really good at that. She could describe 
something in a way that allowed you to 
picture it, because she was using those 
morphemes to make one word.  
Amazing stuff.” 
For Govender, that reminder  
echoes the hope behind the work: 
“Actually, when we get that back, that 
would be my thing: that people can get 
back to speaking that way again,”  
she concludes.  
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