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16 
ONTARIO ROOFING NEWS – ISSUE 1 2026
Roof replacement (baseline)
Roof re-covering/ renewal
Roof re-covering/  
renewal V.2
Up-front embodied carbon emissions (life-cycle modules A1-A5)
Embodied carbon intensity – ~kg CO2 eq/m2 (~lb CO2 eq.)
20.5
(45)
19
(42)
15.5
(34)
Embodied carbon – ~kg CO2 eq. (~lb CO2 eq.)
~2,020,000 (~4,450,000)
~1,880,000 (~4,140,000)
~1,520,000 (~3,350,000)
Embodied carbon savings compared to roof replacement – ~%
N/A
7%
24%
Full-life-cycle embodied carbon emissions (life-cycle stages A-C)
Embodied carbon intensity – ~kg CO2 eq./m2 (~lb CO2 eq.)
61
(134)
27.5
(61)
24
(53)
Embodied carbon – ~kg CO2 eq. (~lb CO2 eq.)
~6,060,000 (~13,360,000)
~2,720,000 (~6,000,000)
~2,360,000 (~5,200,000)
Embodied carbon savings compared to roof replacement – ~%
N/A
55%
61%
Table 1: Embodied carbon calculation summary from the 60-year case study. (Note: CO2 eq. = carbon dioxide equivalent.)
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