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ONTARIO ROOFING NEWS – ISSUE 1 2026 
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Contrary to the initial expectation that these lower-embodied-carbon materials 
might increase overall construction cost, contractor bids collectively reflected 
significant project cost savings compared to the base design.
membrane and two new 6.35-mm 
(0.25-in.) asphaltic overlay boards 
– the first layer mechanically fas-
tened to separate the new and old 
system, and the second adhered to 
reduce risks with fastener backout 
below the membrane. Crucially, 
this scenario incorporated a “re-
surfacing” strategy for subsequent 
roof renewal cycles, where only 
a one-ply cap sheet membrane 
would be installed at 20-year 
cycles, with no further material 
removal, significantly reducing 
future impacts. One initial roof 
re-cover and two resurfacings were 
assumed over 60 years. It should be 
noted warranty options are avail-
able with select manufacturers.
Scenario 3 (Roof Re-Cov-
er/Renewal 
V.2 
[Embodied 
Carbon Optimized]): Similar 
to Scenario 2 in its re-cover ap-
proach, this scenario specifically 
selected lower-embodied-carbon 
materials. Instead of two layers of 
asphaltic board, it specified a base 
sheet membrane panel (a mem-
brane laminated onto an asphaltic 
board) and a 6.35-mm (0.25-in.) 
gypsum overlay board. This sce-
nario also assumed one initial re-
cover with optimized materials 
and two subsequent resurfacings 
over 60 years. Similar to Scenario 
2, warranty options are available 
with select manufacturers.
The results from this large in-
dustrial warehouse study provid-
ed powerful validation.
Embodied Carbon and 
Waste Reduction 
Compared to the baseline full-
roof replacement (Scenario 1), the 
roof re-cover options demonstrat-
ed significant embodied carbon 
savings (also see Table 1):
Up-Front (Initial Restora-
tion) Carbon Savings:
Scenario 2 (Roof Re-Cover/
Renewal): 
A 
seven-per-cent 
reduction in up-front (life-cycle 
modules A1-A5) embodied car-
bon (from ~2,020,000 kg CO2 
eq. [4,453,338 lb CO2 eq.] to 
~1,880,000 kg CO2 eq. (4,144,691 
lb CO2 eq.]). Notably, the study 
revealed that these initial savings 
were not as high as initially expect-
ed, primarily due to the relatively 
high embodied carbon content 
of the multiple asphaltic overlay 
boards.
Scenario 3 (Optimized 
Roof Re-Cover/Renewal V.2): 
A 24-per-cent reduction in up-
front (life-cycle modules A1-A5) 
embodied carbon (to ~1,520,000 
kg CO2 eq. [3,351,026 lb CO2 
eq.]). Most of the up-front em-
bodied carbon savings (~90 per 
cent) was from the base sheet 
panel, with the gypsum board 
providing lower embodied carbon 
savings (~10 per cent).
Full-Life-Cycle (60-Year 
Study Period) Carbon Savings:
Scenario 2 achieved a 55-per-
cent reduction in embodied 
carbon (from ~6,060,000 kg 
CO2 eq. [13,360,012 lb CO2 
eq.] to ~2,720,000 kg CO2 eq. 
[5,996,574 lb CO2 eq.]).
Scenario 3, with its optimized 
material choices, delivered an 
even greater 61-per-cent reduc-
tion (to ~2,360,000 kg CO2 eq. 
[5,202,909 lb CO2 eq.]). This 
was largely driven by the “resur-
facing” strategy for future cycles, 
which resulted in a 75-per-cent 
embodied carbon intensity re-
duction compared to repeated 
full replacements.
Avoided Waste:
Both re-cover scenarios (2 and 
3) diverted approximately 480 
tonnes (529 tons) of up-front 
construction waste from land-
fills. Over the full 60-year life 
cycle, this figure soared to an esti-
mated 4,200 tonnes (4,630 tons) 
of waste diverted.
Unexpected Cost Savings
Taking these principles fur-
ther, we applied embodied carbon 
optimization on a large industrial 
warehouse roof by developing an 
alternate design that prioritized 
lower-embodied-carbon materi-
als with EPDs. Instead of the typ-
ical two layers of asphaltic board, 
the design specified a base sheet 
panel – a membrane laminated 
onto an asphaltic board – for the 
first layer and roof-grade gypsum 
board replacing the second as-
phaltic board layer (Scenario 3). 
The base sheet panel and gypsum 
board both have a higher material 

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