Have you ever been pressured to do extras on a  
contract without agreeing to a change in contract  
price or time? Has anyone ever told you something  
to the effect of, ‘don’t worry,’ ‘we’ll figure it out later,’  
and ‘just stick to the schedule’?  
Few projects are completed without any changes to the 
scope of work. Some projects end up with dozens or even 
hundreds of changes from the original scope. Changes can 
be required for any number of different reasons, including 
change in preferences, unforeseen circumstances and 
incomplete design development. Changes can also arise 
from parties acting in bad faith. 
Whatever the reason or circumstance, changes are an 
inevitable part of construction. If not managed properly, 
changes to the original scope of work can sink a contractor, 
owner or even a whole project. 
Here’s what you need to know.
From a legal standpoint, a change order is an amendment to 
the building contract. For all standard fixed price and scope 
contracts, the contractor is only legally required to do the 
work stipulated in the contract (including drawings, schedule, 
etc.). Any material deviation in the scope of work or schedule 
is technically outside of the contract. Without agreement, 
material changes to the contract cannot be legally forced. 
Done properly, an amendment to the building contract (i.e., 
a change order) should be in writing; include a description 
of the change in scope of work; change in price; change in 
time; and be signed by all affected parties.  
Now you may think, well that is easy to say for the average 
ivory-tower lawyer—who likely could be convinced of the 
existence of left-handed hammers. But that is not always the 
real world where, for one reason or another, formal change 
orders have not been signed, the change management 
provisions of the contract have been ignored and where 
nothing has been squarely addressed—even verbally.  
What then?
There is good news. In appropriate circumstances, courts 
have determined that parties higher in the contractual 
chain cannot escape having to pay for legitimate 
extras—even where there has been a complete failure to 
follow the change procedures in the contract. In certain 
circumstances, where a contractor can show that an 
owner knew or ought to have known that the contractor 
was doing extra work and implicitly agreed to the extra 
work, the owner must pay the contractor a reasonable 
amount for this extra work. This principle also applies 
to sub-contracts.
Every situation turns on its own 
unique circumstances. Not all 
instances of un-documented 
extra work are going to 
give rise to compensation. 
Wherever possible, it is 
always better to follow 
contractual provisions 
and properly document 
extras. But if you think 
you have been short-
changed on change orders, 
consider reaching out to one 
of our construction lawyers at 
Holloway Thliveris LLP. We might 
be able to help you. 
Check us out at htlaw.ca  
or call any one of our six lawyers:
Are You Getting 
Short-Changed on Change Orders?
Ivan Holloway is a construction lawyer at Holloway Thliveris LLP
Ivan Holloway 
204-289-1521
Stephan Thliveris  
204-289-1522
Scott Cannon 
204-289-1524
Jared Wheeler  
204-410-7075
Evan Podaima
204-410-7076
Derek Novosel 
204-694-1105

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