22 BUILD MANITOBA winnipegconstruction.ca BENCHMARKS Much has been said about Manitoba’s recent change to its basic limitation period for construction disputes, which generally reduced the time to start lawsuits from six years to two years. However, the passage of two years may not always be the end of the story for an unpaid contractor or subcontractor. In particular, where a claimant has registered a builder’s lien, the deadline to start a court proceeding to enforce that lien is connected to the lien registration date, which may extend beyond the time limit for a straightforward breach of contract claim. In Manitoba, The Limitations Act1 provides that a proceeding in respect of a claim must not be commenced more than two years after the day the claim is discovered. For example, if a contractor issues an invoice that becomes due and is not paid, claims relating to non-payment of the invoice will be deemed discovered as of the date payment should have been received. Thus, the contractor will generally have two years from when an invoice first became overdue to commence a breach of contract proceeding. However, The Builders’ Liens Act2 (BLA) expressly requires a lienholder to commence an action to enforce a claim for lien within two years after the date the lien is registered. In this way, the BLA contemplates a distinct statutory remedy for lienholders beyond the common law right to sue for breach of contract. Put simply, the limitation clock for enforcing a lien may not start at the same time as the breach of contract claim’s limitation clock. Courts have recognized that lien rights are distinct from contractual rights. In Stuart Olson Dominion Construction Ltd. v. Structal Heavy Steel,3 the dispute concerned the relationship between statutory trust obligations and lien rights under the BLA – specifically, whether posting lien security to vacate a registered lien also satisfies, or extinguishes, separate trust obligations. The Manitoba Court of Appeal stated that, separate and distinct from the common law right to sue for breach of contract, a contractor has at its disposal the right to claim a lien over the property it improved. More recently, in Sterling Parkway Residences Inc. v. Boretta Construction 2002 Ltd. et al,4 the Manitoba Court of King’s Bench reiterated that a contractor’s common law right to sue for breach of contract is supplemented by the BLA, which creates remedies (including lien remedies) that exist independently of contractual rights. Taken together, these decisions support the view that a proceeding to enforce a registered builder’s lien may be a separate and independent proceeding By Alexandre Mireault, MLT Aikins LIENING INTO LIMITATIONS: 1 C.C.S.M. c. L150 (the “Limitations Act”). 2 C.C.S.M. c. B91 (the “BLA”). 3 2014 MBCA 8. 4 2024 MBKB 120. Claims for lien and the limitations period
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